India is the second largest country in the world by population. It is the seventh largest by geographical area. India is located in southern Asia and is bordered to the south by the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Arabian Sea and Pakistan to the west, China and Nepal to the north, and Burma and Bangladesh to the east.

For centuries India was one of the most important trade locations in the world. European merchants and Chinese tradesmen sought after the valuable spices and silks that India had to offer. The Silk Road was an ancient trade route that connected several parts of Asia and passed through India. Some of the world's oldest and most widespread religions were founded in India. Buddhism, Sikhism, Hinduism, and Jainism all originated in the subcontinent of India.

The riches of India attracted the eyes and pocketbooks of European nations. The British established the strongest presence in India and assumed control of Indian affairs. It wasn't until the 20th century when Mahatma Gandhi led millions of Indians in peaceful protests against the British that India was granted her independence from foreign rule. At the same time, India was partitioned into the Hindu population and the Muslim population. Hindus remained in India and Muslims moved to Pakistan to the west.

India is a constitutional republic, with a President and Prime Minister assuming authority over the nation. The bicameral Parliament represents the people and makes the nation's laws. India maintains peaceful relations with its neighboring countries. It is one of the founding members of the United Nations and is allies with some of the world's largest democracies.

The topography of India is very diverse. From deserts, to mountains, to forests, almost every topographical genre is represented on the subcontinent of India. The monsoons are a big part of the weather in India. Summer months are very rainy and winter months are very dry. Parts of India receive several inches of rain each week in the summer months.

India's economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It is one of the tenth largest in the world and is rapidly gaining on the nations ahead of it. India has the world's second largest workforce. This has helped India become one of the leading agricultural producers in all of Asia. Other top industries in India's economy are the textile, telecommunications, steel, petroleum, and mining industries.

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